THE 456th FIGHTER INTERCEPTOR SQUADRON

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Douglas Aircraft Company's logo was later changed in commemoration of the first aerial circumnavigation.

 

Around the World in 175 Days

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The Douglas World Cruiser

 

Douglas World Cruiser was a two-place biplane with a 50-foot wing span, powered by a 420 horsepower Liberty engine. Based on the Cloudster and DT designs, five planes were built for the Aviation Service of the U.S. Army. In 1924, two were flown 28,945 miles around the world in six months and six days.

 

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The Boston sank when it was being towed after it had been forced to come down in the Atlantic Ocean.
The Seattle was destroyed when it flew into a mountain in the fog.
The Boston II test plane joins the two remaining original planes for the last leg of the trip.
The Chicago was one of the two original planes to complete the trip.
Six months and six days after the round-the-world trip began, two of the original planes completed the lengthy trip.

In spring of 1923, the U.S. Army Air Service became interested in having a squadron of military planes make a round-the-world flight. It assigned a group of officers the job of finding a suitable aircraft and planning the mission. The group first looked at the existing pool of military planes but none of them was satisfactory, so they began looking outside of the air service for a plane that could be fitted with interchangeable wheeled landing gear and also with pontoons for landing on water. The War Department instructed the Air Service to look at both the Fokker F-5 Transport and the Davis-Douglas Cloudster to see if either one would qualify and to acquire one of these planes for a test.

When Douglas was asked for information on the Cloudster, he instead submitted data on a modified DT-2, the bomber that Douglas had built for the U.S. military in 1921 and 1922. This plane had already proved to be a sturdy aircraft that could accommodate interchangeable wheeled and pontoon landing gear. Since the basic plane already existed, Douglas stated that the new fleet of planes, which he named the Douglas World Cruiser, could be delivered within 45 days after a contract was awarded. The Air Service agreed and sent Lieutenant Erik Nelson, a member of the planning group, to California to work out the details with Douglas.

Douglas, assisted by John Northrop, began to modify a DT-2 to suit the Air Service requirements. The main modification involved its fuel capacity. All the internal bomb-carrying structures were removed and additional fuel tanks were added to various parts of the plane. The total fuel capacity went from 115 gallons (435 liters) to 644 gallons (3,438 liters).

Lieutenant Nelson took Douglas' proposal to Washington where General Mason M. Patrick, chief of the air service, approved it on August 1, 1923. The War Department awarded the contract to Douglas for the construction of a single test plane. The test plane met all its specifications, and a contract was awarded for four more planes and spare parts. The last plane was delivered on March 11, 1924. The spare parts included 15 extra Liberty engines, 14 extra sets of pontoons, and enough replacement airframe parts for two more planes. These were sent around the world along the route the crews would follow.

Four planes—the Seattle, Chicago, Boston, and New Orleans—left Santa Monica, California, on March 17, 1924, for Seattle—the official start of the flight. On April 4, they left Seattle for Alaska. One plane—the Seattle—needed repairs and remained behind with its crew. When it was repaired and the crew attempted to catch up with the other three planes, it crashed into a mountaintop in the fog. The crew survived and was picked up, but the plane was destroyed.

The three remaining planes continued on their voyage. Avoiding the Soviet Union, which had not given permission for the planes to cross, they crossed Korea, the coast of China, Hong Kong, Indo-China, Thailand, Burma, and India, and proceeded into the Middle East and then Europe. They arrived in Paris on July 14—Bastille Day. They went from Paris to London and then the north of England to prepare for their Atlantic Ocean crossing. Along the way, they changed from pontoons to wheeled landing gear back to pontoons.

Flying across the Atlantic, the Boston was forced to come down and capsized while being towed by the cruiser that had picked up the crew. The two remaining planes crossed the Atlantic via Iceland and Greenland and reached Canada. The test plane—named the Boston II—met them in Canada and the three planes went on to Washington, D.C. After a hero's welcome, the three planes flew to the West Coast, stopping briefly in Santa Monica and finally landing in Seattle on September 28, 1924.

The trip had taken 175 days. Sources differ on whether they flew almost 29,000 miles (46,671 kilometers) or 26,553 miles (42,733 kilometers). But whatever the actual distance, it was an impressive feat. The Douglas Company had earned the motto "First Around the World."

After the flight, Douglas' future was assured. Its next major achievement was the winning of the 1924 observation aircraft competition for the Air Service that was held at McCook Field. Douglas entered its Liberty-powered XO-2 and was awarded a contract in February 1925. It was the largest contract awarded to date by the War Department, initially calling for the production of 75 aircraft, which Douglas delivered in 1925 and 1926. These planes restored their normal 110-gallon (416-liter) fuel tanks. Some models also retained the interchangeable undercarriage and added twin machine guns. In all, the company built more than 50 versions of the observation plane totaling 778 observation biplanes for the U.S. military and another hundred for export. Some also served with pre-war National Guard units beginning in 1926 and others played an important role when the Army was given the job of carrying airmail in 1934.

—Judy Rumerman

References:

Francillon, René J. McDonnell Douglas Aircraft Since 1920. London: Putnam, 1979.

Morrison, Wilbur H. Donald W. Douglas – A Heart With Wings. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1991.

Pearcy, Arthur. Douglas Propliners: DC-1 – DC-7. Shrewsbury, England: Airlife Publishing Ltd., 1995.

On-Line References

"A Brief History." McDonnell Douglas History. http://www.boeing.com/history/mdc/index.htm

"Douglas World Cruisers (DWC) Transport." http://www.boeing.com/history/mdc/dwc.htm

 

 

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The Douglas World Cruiser (DWC) was developed to meet a requirement from the U.S. Army Air Service for an aircraft suitable for an attempt at the first flight around the world. The Douglas Aircraft Company responded with a modification of their DT torpedo bomber. Five of these aircraft were ordered for the round-the-world flight, one for testing and training and four for the actual expedition.

The DWC differed from the DT in having a greater fuel capacity for greater range. The cockpits for the pilot and crewman were also located more closely together. Like the DT, the DWC could be fitted with either floats or a conventional landing gear.

The four expedition aircraft, named Boston, Chicago, New Orleans, and Seattle, departed Seattle on April 4, 1924 for the expedition around the world. The 'Seattle' crashed into a mountain in Alaska on April 30. The crew, Major Frederick L. Martin and Staff Sergeant Alva L. Harvey, survived and made their way through the wilderness to safety. The other three aircraft continued on through Asia, the Middle East, and Europe, relying on a carefully planned logistics system, including pre-positioned spare engines, to keep the aircraft flying. The Boston was forced down while crossing the Atlantic and damaged beyond repair while being recovered by the U.S. Navy light cruiser USS Richmond. The remaining two aircraft continued across the Atlantic back to the United States, where they were joined by the test aircraft, now christened Boston II. The aircraft returned to their Seattle starting point on September 28, 1924, 23,942 nm (44,342 km) and 175 days since departing.

The Chicago is now part of the collection of the Smithsonian Institution, on display at the National Air and Space Museum on the National Mall in Washington D.C.; the New Orleans is in the collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History; the wreckage of the Seattle was recovered and is now on display in the Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum; the original Boston sank in the North Atlantic, and it is thought that the only surviving piece of the original prototype, the Boston II, is the aircraft data plate, now in a private collection.

The success of the DWC established Douglas Aircraft Company among the major aircraft companies of the world and led it to adopt the motto "First Around the World - First the World Around". The company also adopted a logo that showed aircraft circling a globe, replacing the original winged heart logo. This logo evolved into an aircraft, a rocket, and a globe and was adopted by the McDonnell Douglas Corporation following the merger of Douglas and the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation in 1967, and then became the basis of the logo of the Boeing Company following its acquisition of McDonnell Douglas in 1997.

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Last Updated

03/14/2008

 

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